These are the same people who dont understand why African Americans choose Black Lives Matter as a valid starting point. Men and women migrated to Northern factories or joined the military, creating a labor shortage in the cotton fields and lumber mills. This was murder on the part of the white population. [20]. (WMC) - Arkansas State Police were on the scene of a homicide investigation Tuesday night in Helena-West Helena. St. Francis National Forest is immediately to the north. [87] Almost all of the Confederate losses were from the brigades of Fagan, Parsons, and McRae, who took 32 percent of their attacking forces as casualties. In contrast, the correspondent for the Memphis Press on October 2, 1919, wrote, Many Negroes are reported killed by the soldiers. Other anecdotal information suggests that U.S. troops also engaged in torture of African Americans to make them confess and give information. 14 Best Things to Do in Helena-West Helena (Arkansas): Arkansas Welcome Center Phillips County Museum Fort Curtis Delta Cultural Center Robert Nighthawk Gravesite Quapaw Canoe Company King Biscuit Time Marker Sonny Boy Williamson's Boarding House Helena Confederate Cemetery Pillow Thompson House Freedom Park Frank Frost Gravesite In June 1863, Confederate Commander Theophilus Holmes sought to take pressure off of Vicksburg, Mississippi, by attacking the Union-held town of Helena, Arkansas. 10 Abandoned Places in Arkansas Being Reclaimed by Nature - OnlyInYourState Bearden, Russell E. "Arkansas' Worst Disaster: The Great Mississippi River Flood of 1927." Arkansas Review: A Journal of Delta Studies 34 (August 2003): 79-97. On September 29, 2019, a memorial to those who died during the massacre was dedicated in downtown Helena-West Helena. A defensive position known as Fort Curtis already existed to the west of Helena, but four new batteries, named with the letters A, B, C, and D, were ordered built. 5. Helena, city, seat (1830) of Phillips county, eastern Arkansas, U.S., port of the Mississippi River, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and adjacent to the city of West Helena. [46] Obstructions on the line of approach also disorganized Price's ranks. In December 1860, the state of South Carolina seceded from the United States, as a result of several disagreements with the federal government, slavery chief among them. With the success of the Russian Revolution, stopping the spread of international communism was seen as the duty of all loyal Americans. Helena, AR 72342 Phone: (870) 338-5555 Phillips County Criminal Records Phillips County records their criminal activity in the form of criminal records. The Elaine Race Riot. Masters thesis, George Peabody College for Teachers (now Peabody College of Education and Human Development at Vanderbilt University), 1927. Price commanded the Confederate forces during the campaign, as Holmes had fallen ill.[100] Events during this campaign worsened the split between Marmaduke and Walker, and the former killed the latter in a duel on September 6. One of the largest harbors on an inland waterway was completed in the 1990s, making Helena a hub of industrial development. New York: Pegasus Books, 2020. [18] The Confederate columns finally united on July 3,[19] and that day began the final movement towards Helena. Helena-West Helena School District operates schools in what was Helena. According to several accounts from white witnesses, both vigilantes and the troops committed acts of barbarism. Cortner, Richard C. A Mob Intent on Death: The NAACP and the Arkansas Riot Cases. If you can, provide 1-2 sources of information backing up this correction. He returned to Little Rock the next day and told a press conference, The situation at Elaine has been well handled and is absolutely under control. The trial had occurred in a setting dominated by a mob spirit, violating the prisoners right to due process. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.28. State police say Officer Wallace was shot around 6:11 p.m. Thursday outside the Delta Inn on U.S. Highway 49 in Helena-West Helena. Families of union members found no welcome when they returned to their homes. [69][b], With Price's men shredded, Fagan's men exhausted, and the cavalry not making any progress, Holmes decided to order a withdrawal at 10:30 am. [30] The Confederates had support from the local white populace. Marmaduke followed up the bombardment with an attack against Battery A, but fog that had concealed the advance dissipated and the attack was repulsed by the 29th Iowa, who mounted a counterattack. For additional information: Anthony, Steven. Elaine Massacre of 1919 - Encyclopedia of Arkansas The charges ranged from murder to nightriding, a charge akin to terroristic threatening (as defined by Act 112 of 1909). The main attack broke through Battery C, but Union troops fended off the attackers and sealed the breach. Telephone lines to Elaine were cut. They secured new trials for six of the men, known as the Ware defendants, based on the fact that the trial judge had not required jurors to indicate the degree of murder on their ballot forms.The convictions of the other six men, known as the Moore defendants, were affirmed. Then the real massacre began: For the next five days, Colonel Jencks and his troops, assisted by vigilantes, hunted black people over a 200-mile radius. As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 6,323 people, 2,312 households, and 1,542 families residing in Helena. But officials have not released exactly what happened. Volunteers rush to aid animals at closed Ark. shelter - WREG.com E. M. Allen, a planter and real estate developer who became the spokesman for Phillips Countys white power structure, told the Helena World on October 7, The present trouble with the Negroes in Phillips County is not a race riot. My mother said she believed his uncle Richard was there, but he was afraid to come outside for fear someone would be there to take him back to Arkansas. Dillard, Tom. He lost 121 acres of cotton and corn. Confident that a single regiment could hold off Walker, Salomon pulled the 1st Indiana Cavalry towards Fort Curtis and a new line was formed in that vicinity using the Indiana cavalrymen and parts of the 33rd Iowa, 33rd Missouri, and 35th Missouri. In 2 U.S. Cities Haunted by Race Massacres, Facing the Past Is Painful and Divisive. NPR, December 11, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/11/1137090651/elaine-massacre-tulsa-race-riot (accessed December 12, 2022). 72201. White attorneys from Helena were appointed by Circuit Judge J. M. Jackson to represent the first twelve black men to go to trial. Ark. pharmacist arrested after 'violent episode' at Walmart - WREG.com In Little Rock and at the headquarters of the NAACP in New York, efforts began to fight the death sentences handed down in Helena, led in part by Scipio Africanus Jones, the leading black attorney of his era in Arkansas, and Edgar L. McHaney. Fort Curtis was built in August 1862 by Union soldiers and freed slaves in Helena.
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