They are in Christ (1:1), blessed with every blessing in Christ (1:3), chosen in Him (1:4), adopted through Christ (1:5), in the Beloved (1:6), redeemed in Him (1:7), given an inheritance in Him (1:11), have a hope that is to the praise of His glory in Christ (1:12), sealed with the Spirit through Him as an earnest installment of their inheritance (1:13-14), made alive, raised, and seated with Him in the heavenlies (2:5-6), created in Christ for good works (2:10), partakers of the promise in Christ (3:6), and given access to God through faith in Christ (3:12). The Minister, Appointed to Proclamation (3:7-13), III. The many personal references of the author fit what we know of Paul from other NT books.56, The epistle to the church at Philippi, the first church Paul established in Macedonia, is titled in the Greek text, Pros Philippesious, To the Philippians.. The Present Walk of the New Life (4:20-32), 4. Having finished the survey of the historical books (the Gospels and Acts), we now come to the twenty-one epistles of the New Testament, twenty-two if one includes Revelation as an epistle (which in reality it is [see Rev. In them Timothy and Titus are given instructions for the selection and appointment of Church officials, warnings against false teachings, and practical advice on community behavior and belief. Because these letters are older than any of the gospel accounts of the life of Jesus, they constitute the most reliable source that we have today for information concerning the early history of the Christian movement. In fact several fathers mentioned Paul as the author of this epistle in their writings. It was written from Corinth, while completing the collection for the poor in Palestine. Letters often went through several drafts before the author reviewed it and then either applied his seal or signed it with a postscript at the end. Objections are based on internal factors rather than on the adequacy of the statements of the church fathers. Pauline Letters After serving this church for a brief period, Paul began a series of missionary journeys to spread the news of salvation offered through Jesus' physical death. For instance, the indicative section of Galatians (1:65:1) takes the form of a courtroom speech in which the introduction of Pauls argument that there is no other gospel (see 1:610) is followed by a formal apologia or defense (see 1:1121) and a series of six proofs demonstrating that one is indeed saved by the faith of Jesus Christ and not by the works of the law (see 3:15:1).[41]. These, then, are the first Roman imprisonment letters, whereas 2 Timothy is the second Roman imprisonment letter.52. I. As the letter states, Paul is the author (see 1:1). Chapter 13, the great chapter on agape love, undoubtedly stands out as the pinnacle chapter of this book. The Proof and Reason for Our Walk (5:8-13), 5. In the case of Pauls scribe Tertius, he may have been a professional secretary who was able to take dictation in ancient shorthand and had volunteered his services since Romans has many oratorical features that seem to reflect spoken composition. 8-9); and (3) he sought to defend his apostolic authority (chaps. Not finding Titus there, he pushed on to Macedonia, undoubtedly with concern about Titus safety (7:5-6). The Hellenistic Letter-Formula and the Pauline Letter The power of the cross provides deliverance from the curse of the law, from the power of sin, and from self (1:4; 2:20; 3:13; 4:5; 5:16, 24; 6:14). 62 NIV Study Bible Notes, Zondervan, 1985, electronic media. 1 Cor. The Pauline Letters - CliffsNotes Instructions Concerning Worship (2:1-2:15), A. Organization, or better, the organic and unified growth of a church, must be based on right teaching, which is based on rightly handling the Word, i.e., Gods objective truth along with the use of those people who are qualified and spiritually right with God. It has therefore been dubbed as the charter of Christian Liberty. Luther considered it in a peculiar sense his Epistle.51 Galatians stands as a powerful polemic against the Judaizers and their teachings of legalism. Second Corinthians was written to defend the authenticity of both his apostleship and his message. In Relation to the New Creation (1:18), 3. Here Christ Jesus is emphatically described as our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus, who gave Himself for us to redeem us from every lawless deed, and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds (2:13-14). The key words or concepts are judgment, retribution, and destruction all revolving around the return of the Lord in the day of the Lord. However, he simply moved next door to the house of Titius Justus where he continued his ministry (Acts 18:7). Exhortation Regarding the Philosophy of the False Teachers (2:8), B. 2:1). At least five clear purposes can be seen in 1 Timothy. [9] Sperry, Pauls Life and Letters, 15871; F. F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians, NIGTC (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1982), 1932; Anderson, Understanding Paul, 15258; George A. Horton Jr., Concern, Correction, and Counsel for Converts (Galatians), in Millet, Studies in Scripture, Vol. Since Paul had worked at Ephesus for about three years and since he normally mentioned many friends in the churches to whom he wrote, the absence of personal names in this letter strongly supports the idea of its encyclical character. Even when indicative and imperative sections alternate or are otherwise spread throughout the body of a letter, the modern reader must always keep in mind that Pauls letters not only teach doctrine but also call to action and insist that Christians must live according to the highest ethical and moral standards, that their whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ (1 Thessalonians 5:23). Petition of Paul for Onesimus (vv. Also, the seeds of what later became the full-blown Gnosticism of the second century were present in the first century and already making inroads into the churches. Paul himself had relatives who later returned to the city (Andronicus and Junia; see Romans 16:7). Some critics have claimed that chapters 1013 were not a part of this letter in its original form because of a sudden change of tone. that included southern districts and those cities just mentioned. For more discussion see Wallace, Exegetical Syntax, 270-78, esp. For those who were themselves able to read and perhaps write, scribes were still often used to take down literal dictationalthough the skill involved often made this prohibitively expensiveor to take notes from which they wrote a first draft, which the author then reviewed, altered, and approved. 5:1f.). He shows acquaintance with Greek culture and their thinking. And, of course, the letters themselves claim to have been written by Paul.65, The Greek titles for 1 and 2 Timothy are Pros Timotheon A and Pros Timotheon B, First to Timothy and Second to Timothy. Timothys name means, honoring God.. From there the apostle sent him to Corinth where he helped that church with its work (see 2 Cor. Paul lists the keys to an enduring successful ministry: A reproducing ministry (1-2); an enduring ministry (3-13); a studying ministry (14-18); and a holy ministry (19-26).68. 15-16). However, the term pastoral is inaccurate in the sense that Timothy and Titus were not pastors in the present-day sense of the term. Pauline Send any friend a story As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Guthrie, The Pastoral Epistles, Tyndale Press, London, 1969, pp. Early church fathers support Pauls authorship beginning as early as A.D. 140 (Marcion). Pauls succeeding arguments, especially in Galatians 5:212, have suggested that these false teachers had convinced some of the Galatians of the necessity of adopting certain aspects of the Mosaic lawnotably circumcisionleading many modern scholars to refer to them as Judaizers.[9] This context and Pauls efforts to counter this false teaching are necessary to understand properly one of his central points in the letter: Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified (2:16; emphasis added). When we think of Christ we dont always reflect on the stunning power that comes from the perfect unity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, but it is picture of unity Christ desires for his church. gives the impression that some person might have forged a letter purporting to come from Paul, which gave faulty information to the Thessalonians and caused them to be shaken in mind and considerably troubled. This handout is part of the Living in Christ Series. 9. The Condemnation of the Moral Man (2:1-16), C. The Condemnation of the Religious Man (the Jew) (2:173:8), III. 202-03. For more detailed discussion, see note 2 on this at this verse in the NET Bible. 10-17). Philippians guards against the failure to practice Christ-provided unity and against the failure of believers to rejoice in their blessings and position in Christ (Phil. and brought into a position of liberty. He was born of Jewish parentage in the city of Tarsus of Cilicia. 1112), Paul identifies himself as the author of this epistle with the words, Paul an apostle. Apart from a few 19th-century scholars, no one has seriously questioned his authorship. Personal: The Gospel of Grace, Justification by Faith Defended (1:1-2:21), B. A more utilitarian approach to remembering the most vivid parts of your life. These three have traditionally been attributed to John the Apostle, the son of Zebedee and one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Bud Light Brewer Puts Two Executives on Leave After Uproar Over Being written to the church at Corinth, this epistle came to be known as Pros Corinthious A, which in effect means First Corinthians. Also this epistle is written after Pauls usual manner or pattern with greetings and thanksgiving, a doctrinal section followed by the practical application of that doctrine with concluding personal remarks. With the coming of the Lord mentioned in every chapter, Christ is presented as the believers hope of salvation both now and at His coming. 16:5-9; Acts 20:31). The former referred to north-central Asia Minor, north of the cities of Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe; the latter referred to the Roman province (organized in 25 B.C.) Since leadership is so determinative of a churchs spiritual growth and effectiveness, chapter 3, which sets forth the qualifications for leadership is clearly a key chapter. In summary, then, these books were designed by God to aid us in our pastoral responsibilities and in organic development and guidance for the life of local churches. This view of supersession, sometimes called replacement theology, saw the Mosaic law and the old covenant of God with His people as being replaced by the new covenant ushered in by Jesus sacrificial death. A number of basic Christian doctrines are discussed: natural revelation (Rom 1:19-20), universality of sin (Rom 3:9-20), justification (Rom 3:24), propitiation (Rom 3:25), faith (Rom 4:1), original sin (Rom 5:12), union with Christ (Rom 6:1), the election and rejection of Israel (Rom 9-11), spiritual gifts (Rom 12:3-8), and respect for government (Rom 13:1-7).41. 1:13). The content of the reports was specified in a circular letter issued by the Assistant Commissioner on December 31, 1866. 8-18), III. [8] While this part of Pauls teaching is best preserved in 1 Thessalonians 4:1318, this same passage also makes clear that it caused some confusion among the Thessalonians that Pauls letter sought to resolve: because the Thessalonians, and possibly Paul himself, expected the Lord to return soon, they were concerned when the Parousia did not happen immediately and, furthermore, when members of the congregation began to die before Jesus return. That the apostle is the author of Ephesians is strongly supported by both internal and external evidence. Sorry Christians: Our Bible Contains Fake Letters From and 2 Cor.). 6:5-9; Col. 3:22; 4:1). Pauls letter to the Philippians begins by following standard Hellenistic letter-writing conventions of sender, addressee, salutation, and thanksgiving, but with distinctive glosses (in Christ, grace and peace, God our Father, Lord Jesus Christ). As also mentioned, it is believed that Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon were also written during the same time period (cf. Contrary to modern notions of letter writing, Paul did not sit alone at a desk quietly composing his epistles. Second, assess and advocate for the science-based measures needed to resume in-person schooling safely because of the vital importance of in-person schooling. A.D. 49, making it the earliest of Pauls epistles), and the Jerusalem council (Acts 15) convened shortly afterward. The first was simply to announce Pauls plans to visit Rome after his return to Jerusalem and to prepare the church for his coming (15:24, 28-29; cf. [33] Letters to groups, such as Pauls letters to various congregations, were often read to a majority of the recipients (the probable meaning of Colossians 4:16), so most individuals never actually read the letters themselves. Several passages stand out in pointing us to the person and ministry of the Savior. The phrases justification by faith and freedom from the Law form the key words of the epistle. In 1 Thessalonians, the focus was on Christ coming for His Church (4:13-18) where as in 2 Thessalonians, the focus is on Christ coming with His Church in judgment on the unbelieving world (1:5-10; 2:3, 12). 2:1-3) as an example of one accepted by grace without circumcision, which vindicated Pauls stand on this issue (Gal.
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