This approach matters because it has led to the emergence of theories that are more relevant to the lives and cultures of people not only in Africa but also those far removed from their African origins. But many Asian cultures where chopsticks are the norm may have opposite views. Instead of judging squat toilets as being primitive, an American in China who understands cultural relativism would try to appreciate that from a Chinese perspective, toilet seats are seen as unsanitary since they carry bacteria from people's bodies. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own. Log in Join. Multiple Choice Estavan faces an ethical dilemma as he must decide whether or not to hire his underqualified cousin. Show Answer 1 In all societies, groups, and walks of life, ethnocentrism influences how humans behave. In some ways, xenocentrism is considered deviant behavior as it goes against the norms of what someone is expected to appreciate. b. This is a topic that verges on ethnocentrism but does not always reach that level. Views other cultures as inferior or less important. Often when I show these clips to my students, their instant reactions are disgust at the parts of the animal that people in other parts of the world eat. Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? Assimilation. In addition, xenocentrism can become an issue when people are defined as "exotic". ), 9. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture/nation is superior to all others, while xenocentrism is the belief that other cultures are better than one's own culture/nation. The writing illustrates important components of ethnocentrism in history as well because, before the victory of the Civil Rights era, blacks would often try to "pass" for whites, and those who succeeded were often scorned by other blacks. Some of the most famous psychological studies (such as Milgrams. a. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. race We all learn ethnocentrism while growing up, as the practices of our own culture are normalized to us, we automatically tend to start assuming any practice that is not a part of our culture is not normal. Lets take a look. Which of the following is a difference between racial groups and ethnic groups? You often only hear accents if theyre different from your own. An emic approach, which looks within cultures to identify behaviors that are specific to that culture, is usually the most appropriate approach to studying cross-culturally. b. d. chapter nine sociology Flashcards | Quizlet Many of us arrogantly believe that everyone should speak English to us, no matter where we are in the world. With instances occurring since its conception, the United States has often thought of itself as more powerful, more economically sound, and generally better than other nations. c. Every individual is influenced by ethnocentrism to some degree. For example, many Americans might thing Peruvians eating Guinea Pig to be disgusting. Ethnocentrism can occur for anyone across most cultures and societies and is not limited to one culture. As ethnocentrism implicates a strong identification with an in-group, it can lead to ingrained negative feelings and stereotyping of out-group members, which can be confused with racism. Certain movies and TV shows revolve around a certain culture. Continue with Recommended Cookies. c. In psychology, ethnocentrism can exist when researchers design studies or draw conclusions that can only be applied to one cultural group. We can see many examples of ethnocentrism Positive psychology, ethnocentrism, and the disguised ideology of individualism. Cultural relativism tries to counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural practices that are unfamiliar to other cultures such as eating insects, genocides or genital cutting. 485 lessons. b. Such xenocentric marketing justifies the upcharge needed for importation, which allows businesses to still make a profit. Antonio constantly scorns Shylock for being a Jew, which ultimately culminates in one of the most famous speeches of all time where Shylock asks: "If you prick us, do we not bleed? Likely, many westerners would consider chopsticks to be a strange tool for eating. Culture and Psychology by L D Worthy; T Lavigne; and F Romero is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Which of the following statements is true of Puerto Ricans in the United States? Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Expecting others to speak your language and criticizing them if they cant. d. Researchers can also use input from people from different cultures to discuss any potential methodology flaws which can lead to cultural bias. b. affirmative action. However, youll see in these examples of ethnocentrism that the practice is not only absurd, but potentially fatal. The idea behind American exceptionalism is that Americas founding (based on its constitution, and the fact the nation was founded as a free and anti-elite republic) gave America a special place in the world. My Big Fat Greek Wedding is a fun case study in ethnocentrism that you could use in classrooms. The minority culture is othered so the majority culture can maintain and promote their own practices and traditions as the natural or normative traditions within the nation-state. As these studies were conducted a long time ago, you may expect that psychological research is more culturally diverse now. War and genocide could be the devastating result if a group is unwilling to change their ways of living or cultural practices. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. In all these instances, youre considering yourself and your culture to be the best compared to all others. when we judge the taste of the Chinese in eating insects, as gross or disgusting simply because we are not used to eating such food we are automatically implying that, the food choices or practice of our own culture is more normal than theirs and thus it is better and not disgusting. From this perspective, an American in Latin America may judge kissing on the cheek as an invasion of one's personal space or even as being sexually forward. They are able to have contact with people from all across the globe as well as being able to hold talks and conferences where researchers from different cultures can meet to discuss ideas. ethnic group The parenting styles and behavior of their infants in cultures outside of America being seen as abnormal because it doesnt fit the American norms is what relates cultural bias to ethnocentrism. a. b. In Madagascar, for example, the. Melanie has taught several criminal justice courses, holds an MS in Sociology concentrating in Criminal Justice & is completing her Ph.D. in Criminology, Law & Justice. people are not doing it mercy fully but their child. At its most extreme, cultural relativism leaves no room for criticism of other cultures, even if certain cultural practices are horrific or harmful. Ethnorelativism is the ability to see values and behaviors as cultural rather than universal.It is a belief based on respect for other cultures, believing that all groups, cultures, or subcultures are inherently equal. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors. d. The father in My Big Fat Greek Wedding constantly states that he can trace any word back to Greek origins. Ideal vs. Real Culture Overview & Differences | What is Real Culture? Shows, books, movies etc. c. (1985). Prejudices I feel like its a lifeline. While ethnocentrism means someone may judge other cultures based on the standards of their own cultures, cultural relativism is the notion that a culture should be understood on its own terms, without judgment against the criteria of another culture. c. Stereotypes https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism/#:~:text=and%20Cultural%20Relativism-,Definition,using%20standards%20of%20another%20culture. promoting inequalitarian pluralism among members of the dominant group. Boston, MA: Ginn and Company. Ethnocentric studies are not inherently invalid and should not be disregarded. The show is purely a comedy, but theres no doubt this Jewish family thinks their culture is far superior to any Gentiles way of living. This is a common criticism that Quebecois Canadians have of English-speaking Canadians. . It should include a summary or description of the pop-cultural artifact, then provide a clearly supported analysis of the ways in which the artifact demonstrates ethnocentrism. Rio Hondo College . What are the disadvantages of ethnocentrism? Recent issues of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) now include a list of culture-specific behaviors that help diagnose mental health issues accurately. a. Ethnocentrism is a word used to describe the cultural or ethnic biaswhether conscious or unconsciousby which an individual perceives the world through the perspective of his or her own group, defining the in-group as archetypal and judging all other groups in comparison to this ideal. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. case-by-case What is the new sixth dimension to be added to - Course Hero The idolization of large blue eyes and pale white skin in Eastern Asian countries. c. The nurse recognizes that the client's request is an example of: cultural ritual. As part of this effort, the Canadian government placed residential schools as far from the Indian Reserves as possible. c. civil disobedience. It serves more as an entertaining device. In research, cultural relativism is the ideology that what may be observable in research may only make sense from the perspective of the observed culture and cannot be applied to different cultures. When traveling the world, many of us English-speakers live with the expectation that others will speak English to us. Xenos is the Greek word for foreign or stranger, and thus, xenocentrism is the preference for foreign cultures over one's own culture. a. c. He interacts with his coworkers but only gradually gains acceptance in everyday interaction with members of the dominant group. b. Chinese Americans According to Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Chief Protector of Aborigines, there was urgency to ensure mixed race children reject Aboriginal cultures: Everything necessary [must be done] to convert the half-caste into a white citizen. She also has a bachelor's in psychology from the University of Illinois. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. d. Nicole is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages. The belief that cheeses and wines from other countries are superior to the products from your own country. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Role of Cultural Relativism in Xenocentrism, Introduction to Anthropology: Help and Review, Anthropology Perspectives: Help and Review, Genetics for Anthropologists: Help and Review, Evolution for Anthropologists: Help and Review, Geologic Time and Anthropology: Help and Review, Anthropology & Ancient History: Help and Review, Human and Cultural Migrations: Help and Review, People and the Environment: Help and Review, Agriculture & Domestication: Help and Review, Studying Land Resources in Anthropology: Help and Review, Levels of Culture: National, International & Subcultural, Understanding the Difference Between Society & Culture, Cultural Variation: Universalities, Generalities & Particularities, Etic and Emic World Views in Anthropology, Culture and the Individual: Real Culture vs.
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