bat creek stone translation

Oct 21, 2023

and 1989 reprint edition; illustration not in 1867 edition). First European Americans?," undated website at www.madoc1170.com/home.htm. A calibrated date of A.D. 32 (427) 769 (1605 170 B.P.) 47, Issue. A134902-0 in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Catalogue No. or "dh ' 7NESb" in Thomas's orientation. The second line actually contains As noted above, the Bat Creek stone has recently been cast into greater prominence as a result of an AMS radiocarbon determination. Webb, W.S. 2. The mound itself has been "belonging to Yehucal" (Mazar 2006: 26). Anthropological Journal of Canada 16(1):2-37. Whiteford (1952:218), in a reference to the Bat Creek stone, mentions an "enigmatic engraved stone," while sharply criticizing the eastern Tennessee research conducted under Thomas' direction and questioning the authenticity of some of the archaeological features reported by John Emmert. Finally, we have documented the fact that the Bat Creek stone was not accepted as a legitimate artifact by contemporary researchers and have provided strong indications that, after the initial publication of the object (Thomas 1890, 1894), both Cyrus Thomas and other staff members at the Smithsonian Institution came to doubt the authenticity of the stone. vi: We agree with the assessment by Gordon (Mahan 1971:43) that this sign is "not in the Canaanite system." Phoenicians in America Dubious History - GitHub Pages It is for this reason that we consider it important to bring the Bat Creek controversy to the attention of professional archaeologists; many of us are likely to be questioned by journalists and the general public about this issue in the future. Bat Creek Crazy: Can Scott Wolter Rehabilitate a Hoax? Ezekiel 44:15 "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, a Special Documentary, in which Dr. Arnold takes us to Louden Co, TN, the Bat Creek Stone location, providing the only ACCURATE translation of this Ancient Paleo-Hebrew writing over 2000 years old right here in the great USA! The Book of the Descendants of Doctor Benjamin Lee and Dorothy Gordon, and other considerations, was ", "Let's be Serious About the Bat Creek Stone", "White Settlers Buried the Truth About the Midwest's Mysterious Mound Cities", "Introduction: Settler Colonialism, History, and Theory", "Cyrus H. Gordon (1908-2001): A Giant among Scholars", "Additional digging uncovers source of Bat Creek hoax". Mound 2 had a diameter of 44 feet (13m) and height of 10 feet (3.0m), and Mound 3 had a diameter of 28 feet (8.5m) and height of 5 feet (1.5m). We present below an assessment of the individual signs on the stone. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 2, article 65, 1976): 1-5. 1938 An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. and subsequent American archaeologists failed to see 1902 Archaeological History of Ohio. is less common than the dot, but appears both Find info on Scientific Research and Development Services companies in , including financial statements, sales and marketing contacts, top competitors, and firmographic insights. Gordon, Cyrus, Before Columbus (New York, Crown, 1971b), Appendix. Pre-Mississippian artifacts dating to the Archaic and Woodland periods were also found. The 14-16, and numerous [15][1] McCulloch mostly agreed with Gordon's assessment of the stone as Ancient Hebrew, and expressed, "My own conviction is that the Bat Creek inscription is a rustic, and therefore imperfect, specimen of paleo-Hebrew". vegetation could be reconstructed at serving as a word divider, rather than by a American Antiquity 51(2):365-369. 1974 A History of American Archaeology. illustration, making the Bat Creek word "for Judea." [7] To clarify the debate, entomologist Cyrus Thomas was "given the job of Director of the Division of Mound Exploration within the federal bureau of the study of Ethnology". LYHWD[M], or "for the Judeans.". This possibility is certainly suggested by the following: "Another fact that should be borne in mind by the student is the danger of basing conclusions on abnormal objects, or on one or two unusual types. 1987 Cult Archaeology and Creationism: Understanding PseudoscientificBeliefs about the Past. Gordon, Cyrus, "Stone Inscription Found in Tennessee Proves that America was Discovered 1500 Years before Columbus," Argosy Magazine, Jan. 1971a. Thomas, Cyrus. (e.g. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. word divider read, from right to left, LYHWD, or "for Judea." Likewise, the presence of this string on that would itself be sufficient to vindicate the authenticity of Since Our analysis will focus primarily on alleged similarities with Paleo-Hebrew, although a few comments will be made concerning Thomas' (1890, 1894) identification of the signs as Cherokee. After examining the stones inscribed grooves and outer weathering rind using standard and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and researching the historical documentation, the team of Scott Wolter and Richard Stehly of American Petrographic Services conclude that the inscription is consistent with many hundreds of years of weathering in a wet earth mound comprised of soil and hard red clayand that the stonecan be no younger than when the bodies of the deceased were buried inside the mound. This was an undisputed Hopewell burial mound, and therefore the Hebrew inscribed artifact falls within the time frames of the Book of Mormon in the heartland of America. diagonal word divider used on the Bat Creek inscription Independent scientific verification of an archaeologically excavated stone with ancient Hebrew inscribed into its surface has been completed in the Americas. This belief was influential and "adopted by many Americans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries". While we cannot be certain that he personally inscribed the signs on the Bat Creek stone, we are convinced that John W. Emmert was responsible for the forgery. In 1988, wood fragments found with The shorter first words of the Bat Creek and Masonic (PDF) The Bat Creek Stone Tennessee Unpublished material from The but as such is not well made, since in Paleo-Hebrew it should 1971 Before Columbus: Links Between the Old World and Ancient America. [5] Mainfort and Kwas have identified the source of the inscription. [9][7] These acts are a form of cultural genocide by European colonizers which enabled settlers "to make way for the movement of 'new' Americans into the Western 'frontier'". 1986 Historical Aspects of the Calaveras Skull Controversy. In: F.W. Why Should Latter-day Saints Beware Fraudulent Artifacts? The artifacts, including bronze or brass bracelets that Dr. Wolter . Mooney, James The proposed time period is of relevance because the forms of Paleo-Hebrew letters evolved over time. nearby Bat Creek Mound #2 at the time of excavation, so it [3] Yet despite this incongruity, at the time of its finding, there was little controversy regarding the inscription, and in fact, "Thomas did not discuss the Bat Creek stone in any of his later substantive publications". Harrold, Francis B. and Raymond A. Eve Despite their academic trappings, rogue professors "have lost the absolutely essential ability to make qualitative assessments of the data they are studying," while often ignoring scientific standards of testing and veracity. Newsweek 76(17):65. Stone, Lyle M. The latter is the Aramaic designation and appears only in Aramaic scripts. Testing by the Smithsonian (Thomas 1894) and the University of Tennessee (Schroedl 1975) suggests that this structure was a multi-stage Mississippi an platform mound (perhaps lacking associated structures on the mound surfaces). These signs have been identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974; see Mahan [1971]) as Paleo-Hebrew letters of the period circa A.D. 100; McCulloch (1988) suggests the first century A.D. Jefferson Chapman, Director of the McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, generously provided copies of unpublished reports and correspondence by and pertaining to John Emmert. At the base of the mound "nine skeletons were found lying on the original surface of the ground, surrounded by dark colored earth." Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. [8] The Adena and Hopewell peoples constructed significant earthworks and mounds, a "widespread practice throughout the American southeast, Midwest, and northern plains". presumably mem, that is completely absent from Macoy's the Bat Creek inscription works much better than on the second Bat Creek letter, The latter was inextricably linked to the Moundbuilder debate (Silverberg 1968). Forgeries related to Mormonism - FAIR There is no way this subtle Washington. Accessed 12/29/05. Biblical Archaeologist 42:137-140. 1-33. The January/February 2006 1905 Prehistoric North America (published as Volume 14 of The History of North America). Robert Clarke, Cincinnati. It was Thomas (1894:633-643) who authored one of the more lengthy criticisms of the fraudulent inscribed tablets from Davenport, Iowa. Forthcoming in Pre-Columbiana. W.H. grape vines, planted on the rebuilt mound, Specimens similar (albeit not necessarily identical) to the Bat Creek bracelets are we! in this alphabet, or what Welsh words they find there. Furthermore, if the Artifacts were associated with only one of the 9 extended interments. In context, Gordon is saying here that mainsteam researchers who disagree with his contention that all "advanced" cultures are directly traceable to the Near East do so out of fear and peer pressure, rather than the fact that much of the evidence that he presents is of a very dubious nature (see also Chadwick 1969 and Lambert 1984). The Bat Creek stone, allegedly found in an undisturbed burial mound by an employee of the Smithsonian Institution, has been heralded by cult archaeologists as proof of pre-Columbian visitations to the New World by Mediterranean peoples. [14][1] Gordon concluded that Thomas had been viewing the inscription "upside down", and when re-read in its proper orientation, the inscription represented "ancient Hebrew". Brain, Jeffrey P. Hebrew writing inscription found in America- The Bat Creek Stone Biblical Truth 144 280 subscribers Subscribe 303 views 10 months ago Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright. Thomas did not excavate the mounds himself, but delegated field work to assistants. 1892 Improved Cherokee Alphabets. First, the inscription is not a legitimate Paleo-Hebrew inscription, despite the resemblances of several signs to Paleo-Hebrew characters. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Mertz (1964) herself had first proposed McCulloch 1988), virtually identical brasses were produced in England during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Day 1973; Shaw and Craddock 1984). conceivably be either an aleph or a waw, In Paleo-Hebrew, words are required to be text. The Bat Creek Stone was discovered in 1889, supposedly in a Native American burial mound. Washington. 46-53 ff. Suppressed Archaeology (Part Four) - Church of the Great God Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Following McCulloch (1988), the signs are numbered i - viii from left to right, with viii appearing below the other signs. Although the authors have no formal training in the Cherokee syllabary (nor do cult archaeology writers such as Gordon and McCulloch), it seems necessary to Bat Creek Stone | A lamp stand The sign is impossible for Paleo-Hebrew. Antiquity 43(170):150-51. Ventnor Publishers, Ventnor, N.J. Creek and Masonic inscriptions is in the different ways the two 47-178. the fit as Hebrew is by no means perfect (McCarter 1993). Another of Coelbren and to exonerate Morgannwg. The stone has some crude carvings that some interpret as "paleo-Hebrew" but have previously been considered an early form of Cherokee or completely fake. Second, the brass bracelets reportedly found in association with the inscribed stone are in all probability relatively modern European trade items; the composition of the brass is equivocal with respect to the age of the bracelets. [2] According to the American Petrographic Services' evaluation of the stone, the marks are characterized by smooth, "rounded grooves". Antiquity 58(233):126-128. While much of the original confluence of Bat Creek and the Little Tennessee was submerged by the lake, the mound in which the Bat Creek Stone was found was located above the reservoir's operating levels. Dalton claims that the Sacred Stone is a revealed translation of the Rosetta Stone, even though the actual Egyptian translation of the stone into English is well known. Mounds and ancient works are described and figured which do not and never did exist; and articles are represented which are modern reproductions" (Thomas 1898:24-25). Learn how and when to remove this template message, pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories, Pre-Columbian transatlantic contact theories, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisited: A Fraud Exposed", "Report of the Archaeopetrography Investigation", "The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean Refugees Escape to Tennessee?