Riots are frequently spontaneous and are sparked by an incident that brings to a head deep-seated frustrations and emotions. Moreover, the voting ratio of the family income group (less than 500 dinars) was low; it was problematic because this group covered the majority of university students. Some people may be discouraged from running because the signature requirement seems daunting. Considered one of the most impactful expressions of patriotism, voting is the primary means of participating in politics. Voter turnout depends on the type of election. 2, pp. For many people, voting is the primary means of taking part in politics. Fourth: The more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the Jordanian students, as there were differences in the students voting ratio in the national and local elections according to regional affiliation. This, in turn, made them reluctant to vote in the elections. The politically aware are usually better able to relate their social values to their political opinions, to achieve stable, internally consistent belief systems. (1997), Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement, The Journal of Politics, Vol. Methodology Finally, the voting gap in the elections was due to political, social, economic reasons such as ineffectiveness of the national and local councils' performance, inefficiency of candidates of these councils, political alienation, the difficulty to access public services, inequality in distribution of income, absence of political socialization, the feeling of inequality with men in education and employment. How do you think not letting them vote might affect what kind of policy is made. (2009), Studying oil, islam, and women as if political institutions mattered, Politics and Gender, Vol. Fox, R.L. 54 No. Although the democratic transition in many developing countries and the legislative amendments, which granted more rights and freedom for womens participation in politics, there was still a gender gap stemming from the differences in voting between males and females as well as the low voting turnout of women in elections. The directive to write your member of Congress is taken seriously by increasing numbers of citizens: legislators e-mail boxes are filled daily, and millions of letters are processed by the Capitol Hill post offices. Members of social movements may resort to rioting when they perceive that there are no conventional alternatives for getting their message across. Three factors seem to affect political participation among Native Americans a history of violent conflict and deep distrust of federal, state, and local actors Expressing opinions about leaders, issues, and policies has become one of the most prominent forms of political participation. Direct link to taylor512's post can these political belie, Posted 3 years ago. Flanigan, W. H. and Nancy H. Zingale, Political Behavior of the American Electorate, 9th ed. 571-589. These activities may include voting, seeking information, discussing, attending public meetings, making financial contribution, communicating with representatives to become member in a political party, canvassing, speech writing, delivering speech, working in campaigns, competing for public and party offices, etc. 2. Nahar, G. and Humaidan, R. (2013), The factors affecting the women political participations in Jordanian parliamentary elections (2003-2013), International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. WebSocioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. 4, pp. But, since the Palestinians feel unequal, and short of accessing basic services, such as education and health care; this resulted in their decline of voting in elections. In addition, the voting of the students' category (Palestinians) was low. They pointed out that the political participation of females has always been less than males. Through this leaders can increase their influence over the citizens and the voter turnout. College students in the 1960s used demonstrations to voice their opposition to the Vietnam War. A large majority of people who have registered to vote participate in presidential elections. 89 No. Riots can result in destruction of property, looting, physical harm, and even death. Childs, S. (2004), A British Gender Gap? Political environment 4. It sets limits on poll expenses. Those who give money are more likely to gain access to candidates when they are in office. Despite the fact that elections are the major event in the political process, political participation cannot be limited to only electoral process, i.e., voting and campaigning. This made them feel political alienation, which led them to be reluctant to vote in the elections. Lawless, J.L. (1995), Lawless and Fox (2001) that concluded that wealth, welfare and money affected political participation process. 3, pp. In addition to traditional forms of campaign activity, like attending campaign rallies and displaying yard signs, the Internet provided a gateway to involvement for 55 percent of Americans (Owen, 2009). After Arab Spring revolutions had broken out in the late 2010s, peaceful demonstrations and protests began in Jordan. Voting is the most prevalent form of political participation, although many eligible voters do not turn out in elections. Among the forms of political participation, the present study focuses on voting as a traditional form of political participation and the most prominent form that can be observed and measured during elections by monitoring the numbers of voters. By involving people in the affairs of the state, participation promotes stability and order in the system. The tape enraged blacks in Los Angeles who saw the police actions as being widespread within the Los Angeles Police Department and not an isolated incident. It gives recognition to the national parties, state parties and regional parties. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. It provides citizens a sense of dignity and value, alerts both the rulers and the ruled to their duties and responsibilities and facilitates broader political understanding. 81-99. In the USA, the turnout has been declining since 1972, especially in presidential elections. Organizations conducting voter registration drives register as many voters as government voter registration sites. Political Participation Among Indigenous People 37, pp. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. Therefore, the diversity of regional affiliation affected political participation. Local elections in small towns in New England draw up to 80 percent of qualified voters. Introduction Political participation is the core component in democratic politics and is the essential requirement in the construction of socialism political civilization (W. Gao, 2008). This, in turn, affected women's political aspirations and supported their sense of marginalization and lack of their equality with men. Racial tensions sparked by a video of police beating Rodney King in 1991 and the subsequent acquittal of the officers at trial resulted in the worst riots ever experienced in Los Angeles. Before publishing your articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. By 2008, 44 percent of the public had contacted their member of Congress about an issue or concern (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). The low voting turnout was with the young people group, especially university students. The more the age varies, the more the students voting in the elections differs. The reason for the low voting ratio of the Palestinians in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. 4. Closing voting rosters weeks or months in advance of elections effectively disenfranchised voters. Disclaimer 9. Such factors are political exposure, political efficacy, education, income, gender, political interest, political culture, political parties, and religious beliefs. The main reason for voting in the elections according to regional affiliation was practicing the constitutional right. with (43.7 per cent) for the (Jordanians). Democrat Barack Obama, the first African American to be nominated by a major party, generated enthusiasm, especially among young people. Organizations with the goal of promoting civic action on behalf of particular causes, or single-issue groups, have proliferated. (2013), What does political mean to you?, Political Behavior, Vol. Human Rights Watch and the Sentencing Project, Losing the Vote: The Impact of Felony Disenfranchisement Laws (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2000). 35 No. Introduction. factors Much is made about low levels of voter turnout for presidential elections in the current era. The study population contained three Jordanian universities. 11, pp. The number of people contacting public officials at all levels of government has risen markedly over the past three decades. (2018), The impact of country characteristics on civic knowledge and political participation, Politikon: Iapss Journal of Political Science, Vol. Protest behavior can take many forms. In addition, political participation required some resources, such as money to support the candidates (Lawless and Fox, 2001, p. 362). Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian What are some of the ways you have participated in politics? What political causes do you care the most about? If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, economic growth, social relationships, and regional affiliation) affected political participation, especially voting in elections. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, 7 No. 1, pp. Political participation is recently one of the important political topics, as it shows the citizens' interest in political issues within their society. The democratic transition in Jordan started in 1980. Voter registration and turnout is influenced by legal and structural factors, voter qualifications, the type of election, and voters enthusiasm about a particular campaign. They act to benefit their communities without monetary compensation. It has been argued that there is a positive correlation between these two processes and the political participation. 1, pp. Levels of political interest and apathy have often been taken as criteria of participation and non-participation, including party membership, expressed interest in politics and awareness of issues. Also, It was noted that the number of students with family income (500 less than 700 dinars) was the total number of (185) including (171) participated in the voting with (92.4 per cent) in the same category. Thus, there was a difference in the ratio of voting of Jordanian public universities students in the national and local elections according to the age group. Similarly, in Britain, there is a gender gap in political participation. 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, Copyright 2019, Mohammad Soud Alelaimat, Published in Review of Economics and Political Science. Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian universities A high-level overview of the processes by which individuals develop political values and beliefs. People have many options for engaging in politics.
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